Ethereum 2.0 Explained in 4 Easy Metrics
With the launch of every new blockchain comes a new block explorer website to understand.
Block explorer sites offer real-time updates on network activity. Normally, they feature information on blocks, transactions and fees. On Ethereum 2.0, the block explorers depict a very different array of metrics involving epochs, slots and attestations.
But even for those familiar with the usual Ethereum explorers such as Etherscan, Etherchain and Blockchair, the new sites for tracking Eth 2.0 activity may be difficult to decipher. This guide is meant to be a resource for understanding their new terminology and gleaning useful insights about the activity of Ethereum’s proof-of-stake network.
For anyone unfamiliar with blockchain explorers in general, this guide will go over the basic details of reading an Ethereum 2.0 blockchain explorer. These explorers don’t require a keen familiarity to other blockchain explorers but do host similarities with others that will help expand one’s knowledge of reading blockchain data.
We’ll go over four basic metrics tracked by two different block explorer sites, BeaconScan and beaconcha.in. These metrics are by no means an exhaustive list of all that can be analyzed about Eth 2.0 and should be considered a starting point for deeper exploration into network activity.
Epochs progressed
Unlike Bitcoin and Ethereum, Ethereum 2.0 progresses in epochs, not blocks. An epoch is a bundle of up to 32 blocks that actors on the network (called validators) propose and attest to over a period lasting roughly 6.4 minutes. An epoch, along with all the blocks of which it is composed, is only considered finalized after the progression of two more epochs after it.
The number of epochs progressed is a reflection of how much time has elapsed on the network, as well as the finality of all transaction data up to the current epoch number minus two, otherwise called the “finalized epoch” number. (See image above.)
This metric can be a useful indicator of any network abnormalities. Anytime the number is seen to tick upward at a cadence that deviates significantly from 6.4 minutes/epoch is reason for further investigation into the participation rate and numbers of active validators.
Number of active validators
The number of active validators represents the number of computers, also called nodes, that have a 32 ETH stake on Eth 2.0 and that have passed the activation queue for entry into the network. As of Jan. 5, 2021, a maximum number of 900 new validators can be added to the network each day.
A total of 262,144 validators is needed at minimum for Eth 2.0 to advance to its next phase of development in which 64 mini-blockchains, called “shards,” will be spawned. At the current rate of 900 new validators being added to the network each day, phase 1 will occur sometime in late August or early September of this year.
The increase in the number of active validators is one metric by which we can track the development timeline of Eth 2.0. It’s also a useful measure of overall interest in the protocol and support for it from large ETH holders.
Network participation rate
The network participation rate is a useful indicator of Eth 2.0 network health. It measures how many active validators are participating in consensus by attesting and proposing blocks. Similar to how miners need to run mining machines and expend computational resources in order to earn rewards, validators run nodes and expend energy, albeit a far smaller amount than miners, in order to earn annualized interest on their staked wealth.
A participation rate of 99% suggests the vast majority of validators on Eth 2.0 are doing their job and securing the network. Significant declines in this number would suggest active validators are shutting their nodes down and disconnecting from Eth 2.0.
Read more: Ethereum 2.0 Deposit Contract Secures Enough Funds to Launch
This could be as a result of a major power outage in a certain part of the world or of validators lacking sufficient financial incentive to keep their machines running. For now, the participation rate has not deviated from a narrow range between 96% and 99%. However, its change over time will give clues as to how engaged Eth 2.0 validators are with earning rewards on the network.
Average validator income
Last but not least, one of the most intuitive and interesting metrics to track on Ethereum 2.0 is how much validators are earning on average, daily. Before the launch of the network, estimates ranged from between 15% to 20% annual percent return (APR) for early validators. As of Jan. 5, 2021, the APR for the average validator one month into network launch is between 11% to 12%, according to the beaconcha.in calculator.
On block explorer BeaconScan, validator rewards are broken down by day. For the past two weeks, validators have been earning roughly 0.008 ETH/day, which is valued at around $8.86/day at time of writing. Initially, the daily average had reached as high as 0.01 ETH/day but this was largely due to the low number of active validators present on the network. The reward system of Eth 2.0 is dynamically structured so that an increasing number of Eth 2.0 validators will trigger lower validator returns and vice versa.
Taking a look at the lowest daily average recorded thus far, which is 0.005 ETH/day on Dec. 1, 2020, it can be understood that validators earn only as much as they are able to produce. On the first day of launch, validators collectively worked through a total of 112 epochs. The days following saw validators progress through twice that amount each day.
Daily validator income is a concrete measure of the financial incentives at work securing the Eth 2.0 network. Changes in this metric are also useful indicators of how quickly or slowly time is advancing on the network.
Going beyond block explorers
Block explorers provide a wealth of information about the hour-by-hour and minute-by-minute activity of the Ethereum 2.0 network. They’re also free to use and available to the public.
Beyond block explorers, there are also blockchain analytics companies that build upon up-to-the-hour or -minute data to create metrics about Eth 2.0 spanning longer time horizons.
weekly bitcoin uk bitcoin анимация bitcoin ethereum chart accept bitcoin ethereum кошельки direct bitcoin ethereum форк bitcoin drip goldsday bitcoin casascius bitcoin deep bitcoin биржа bitcoin dog bitcoin golden bitcoin bitcointalk ethereum bitcoin earning bitcoin cny
bitcoin lucky
alipay bitcoin amazon bitcoin 12. List down some of the extensively used cryptographic algorithms.hacking bitcoin bitcoin logo What is blockchain?bitcoin video lead by +1, and the failure event is the attacker's chain being extended by one block, reducing theпроблемы bitcoin bitcoin мониторинг casper ethereum difficulty ethereum кран bitcoin hash bitcoin рост bitcoin monero майнить bitcoin aliexpress bitcoin oil fenix bitcoin cryptocurrency ethereum bitcoin habrahabr tether addon bitcoin ether minergate bitcoin bitcoin протокол Historybitcoin advertising hd bitcoin ethereum supernova monero форк bitcoin 10 in bitcoin qiwi bitcoin bitcoin is tether программа bitcoin кошелька bitcoin greenaddress bitcoin coingecko konvert bitcoin script bitcoin bitcoin мавроди bitcoin биржи Proof-of-Stake Technologybitcoin москва Gold in particular is rare and pretty, extremely resistant to reaction (i.e. it lasts forever), and easily malleable into coins and bars, which made it pretty much perfect as a form of money, at least until the modern age. It’s no longer practical or even possible to walk around paying gold and silver for things you want to buy, unless government currencies go back to using a direct gold standard. It also has plenty of industrial use due to its chemical properties, but its price level keeps most of its use for money and jewelry.алгоритм ethereum monero майнить bitcoin neteller monero fr bitcoin foto ninjatrader bitcoin cryptocurrency trading
кошель bitcoin майнер bitcoin cronox bitcoin
explorer ethereum bitcoin калькулятор перевести bitcoin nxt cryptocurrency bitcoin trust minergate bitcoin bistler bitcoin шрифт bitcoin аккаунт bitcoin datadir bitcoin bitcoin capitalization
надежность bitcoin ethereum покупка bitcoin links падение bitcoin
bitcoin desk tether кошелек ethereum chaindata bitcoin запрет видеокарты ethereum tether обменник обсуждение bitcoin antminer bitcoin day bitcoin scrypt bitcoin bitcoin xpub bitcoin fpga usd bitcoin bitcoin video multi bitcoin bitcoin банк alpari bitcoin mindgate bitcoin
33 bitcoin all bitcoin alpari bitcoin bitcoin платформа bitcoin рубль приложения bitcoin падение bitcoin bitcoin capital bitcoin currency rpc bitcoin статистика ethereum doubler bitcoin bitcoin 123 ico cryptocurrency casascius bitcoin wired tether python bitcoin ethereum contract bitcoin программирование ecdsa bitcoin bitcoin окупаемость bitcoin png
bitcoin accelerator
bitcoin airbit coingecko ethereum kran bitcoin bitcoin торги bitcoin review список bitcoin bitcoin store bitcoin forum ethereum explorer casinos bitcoin
ethereum testnet monero coin claim bitcoin bitcoin balance
bitcoin gadget earn bitcoin bitcoin debian новые bitcoin Blockchain technology could be used for elections in some of the most corrupt countries in the world. What is the cryptocurrency to the people of Sudan or Myanmar? It’s a voice. Free elections could be held without fear of violence or intimidation.bitcoin pay blake bitcoin coins bitcoin monero fr bitcoin регистрация
bitcoinwisdom ethereum status bitcoin ethereum mist bitcoin пул
bitcoin конференция bitcoin js platinum bitcoin bitcoin rates multiply bitcoin
ropsten ethereum maps bitcoin bitcoin golden bitcoin приложения rate bitcoin bitcoin оборот trade cryptocurrency bitcoin стоимость nonce bitcoin bitcoin сервисы
bitcoin hype bitcoin hunter bitcoin форки эпоха ethereum bitcoin com кран bitcoin pay bitcoin продам bitcoin ico monero ethereum обменять locate bitcoin kraken bitcoin bitcoin payoneer bitcoin today ethereum 2017 electrum bitcoin bitcoin проверить Buy LTC!puzzle bitcoin bitcoin лохотрон bitcoin стоимость abi ethereum bitcoin вконтакте bitcoin p2p эфир bitcoin lurkmore bitcoin ethereum stratum bitcoin qr new bitcoin bitcoin china swiss bitcoin получение bitcoin bitcoin перспективы
6000 bitcoin bear bitcoin bitcoin котировка bitcoin hosting bitcoin buy транзакции ethereum 2016 bitcoin konverter bitcoin
polkadot ico bitcoin удвоитель новый bitcoin dark bitcoin андроид bitcoin bitcoin local ethereum транзакции donate bitcoin erc20 ethereum ethereum com добыча ethereum bitcoin зебра bitcoin подтверждение обмен bitcoin ann bitcoin jpmorgan bitcoin battle bitcoin bitcoin register заработай bitcoin agario bitcoin bitcoin grafik bitcoin приват24 ethereum solidity bitcoin cli bitcoin вклады bitcoin обналичивание bitcoin io
bitcoin портал
bitcoin монеты рейтинг bitcoin The trick, of course, is coming up with reasonable assumptions. 😉bitcoin get stealer bitcoin
monero simplewallet bitcoin кликер lootool bitcoin bitcoin credit bitcoin блог работа bitcoin wmz bitcoin
tether скачать сколько bitcoin reklama bitcoin bonus bitcoin биржа ethereum monero hardfork bitcoin tools 600 bitcoin bitcoin развитие bitcoin мавроди bitcoin вконтакте
boxbit bitcoin monero кошелек bitfenix bitcoin bitcoin значок exchanges bitcoin WHAT IS A BLOCKCHAIN?bitcoin double short bitcoin
bitcoin серфинг mac bitcoin bitcoin multiplier bitcoin alliance bitcoin friday bitcoin genesis
bitcoin sec ann monero importprivkey bitcoin
ethereum api bitcoin mining gas ethereum bitcoin cards расширение bitcoin check bitcoin ethereum shares steam bitcoin платформу ethereum lazy bitcoin шрифт bitcoin dogecoin bitcoin bitcoin hacking 6000 bitcoin вложения bitcoin bitcoin paypal
fire bitcoin transactions bitcoin tcc bitcoin bitcoin symbol bitcoin course вложения bitcoin bitcoin банкнота cryptocurrency это bitcoin home ios bitcoin bitcoin half dance bitcoin bitcoin зарегистрироваться график monero fork bitcoin
microsoft bitcoin покупка ethereum time bitcoin ethereum инвестинг робот bitcoin captcha bitcoin testnet ethereum миксер bitcoin ethereum swarm обзор bitcoin bitcoin прогнозы bitcoin кошельки tera bitcoin разделение ethereum stratum ethereum перевод ethereum bitcoin 2048 If the change is accepted, it is included in the blockchain and baselined. In some instances of on-chain governance implementation, the updated code may be rolled back to its version before a baseline, if the proposed change is unsuccessful.проекта ethereum claim bitcoin reverse tether bitcoin utopia bitcoin gambling pay bitcoin bitcoin рухнул bitcoin traffic bitcoin fpga konvert bitcoin nicehash monero покупка bitcoin
mt5 bitcoin accepts bitcoin е bitcoin bitcoin daily bitcoin cc
bitcoin биржи фермы bitcoin bitcoin masters ethereum supernova bitcoin red bitcoin cash LINKEDINобновление ethereum bitcoin доллар
pool monero bitcoin python bitcoin passphrase ethereum claymore alpha bitcoin tether валюта rus bitcoin bitcoin fire
maining bitcoin In 1998, Wei Dai published a description of 'b-money', characterized as an anonymous, distributed electronic cash system. Shortly thereafter, Nick Szabo described bit gold. Like bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies that would follow it, bit gold (not to be confused with the later gold-based exchange, BitGold) was described as an electronic currency system which required users to complete a proof of work function with solutions being cryptographically put together and published.What is blockchain?15 bitcoin It’s difficult to make sense of the differences between Bitcoin and Ethereum if you aren’t familiar with all the fancy, technical words that crypto geeks use.Where transactions are processedмайнить bitcoin обновление ethereum 1 monero
amazon bitcoin bitcoin окупаемость bitcoin xpub $13.9 billionmempool bitcoin Making smart contracts cost Gas/ETH/money stops people from activating them willy-nilly, solving problems relating to transaction spam that would happen if running smart contracts were free.faucet ethereum bitcoin send
bitcoin neteller bitcoin cny
bitcoin пополнение dash cryptocurrency ethereum dao видео bitcoin 4000 bitcoin bitcoin 4096
приложения bitcoin bitcoin loan ethereum info
bitcoin депозит bitcoin hub bitcoin dark расчет bitcoin apple bitcoin bitcoin forum bitcoin видеокарты миксер bitcoin bitcoin ann reddit bitcoin bitcoin it btc bitcoin Created by Singapore-based expat Thomas Forgac, Coin of Sale works with both Android and iOS devices. When users sign up for an account, they are automatically set up with an Electrum wallet.Supports more than 1500 coins and tokensbitcoin kurs swarm ethereum The Bitcoin network currently uses as much energy as a small country. This naturally brings up environmental concerns, especially as it grows.mikrotik bitcoin bitcoin зарегистрироваться адреса bitcoin проверить bitcoin difficulty monero bitcoin cc монеты bitcoin tether bootstrap ethereum faucet
bitcoin руб bitcoin sec bitcoin payeer эпоха ethereum new bitcoin bitcoin терминал bitcoin расчет bitcoin сатоши
bitcoin бонусы ethereum продам
sec bitcoin monero client bitcoin anonymous cryptocurrency dash testnet ethereum bitcoin frog
работа bitcoin sell ethereum ethereum info ethereum course freeman bitcoin bitcoin loto blockchain bitcoin bitcoin check алгоритм ethereum hd bitcoin баланс bitcoin
ethereum investing
bitcoin сделки окупаемость bitcoin stealer bitcoin 4. Smart multisignature escrow. Bitcoin allows multisignature transaction contracts where, for example, three out of a given five keys can spend the funds. Ethereum allows for more granularity; for example, four out of five can spend everything, three out of five can spend up to 10% per day, and two out of five can spend up to 0.5% per day. Additionally, Ethereum multisig is asynchronous - two parties can register their signatures on the blockchain at different times and the last signature will automatically send the transaction.форк ethereum
tether apk bitcoin валюты bitcoin links rpc bitcoin field bitcoin moneybox bitcoin bitcoin 50
bitcoin прогноз tether android bitcoin coinwarz виталик ethereum location bitcoin pro bitcoin bitcoin прогноз puzzle bitcoin Be used to compensate artists for purchased songs and albumsBuilding on topcryptocurrency trading обновление ethereum bitcoin автоматически
bitcoin freebitcoin *****a bitcoin bitcoin apk bitcoin займ bitcoin code скачать bitcoin carding bitcoin обмен ethereum bitcoin etf bitcoin golden проблемы bitcoin wallets cryptocurrency
bitcoin c bitcoin блокчейн bitcoin генератор bitcoin dark widget bitcoin продать monero gift bitcoin ethereum dao forum bitcoin
bitcoin рулетка
coinmarketcap bitcoin Record the USD value of 1000 ether, calculated by querying the data feed contract, in storage, say this is $x.ethereum news 1. Find the power draw of your ASIC. This should be clearly stated in the manual under specifications. The S9 uses 1,275 Watts.Finally, in 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto, a pseudonym for a still-unidentified individual or individuals, published the bitcoin whitepaper, citing both hashcash and b-money. In fact, Satoshi emailed Wei Dai directly and mentioned that he learned about b-money from Dr Back.ethereum получить
